tests\cross_end\conftest.py:98: in app_driver d = create_driver(cfg, platform="android") ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ tests\app\_shared.py:46: in create_driver return webdriver.Remote(appium_host, options=options) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ D:\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py:251: in __init__ super().__init__( D:\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py:300: in __init__ self.start_session(capabilities) D:\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\appium\webdriver\webdriver.py:345: in start_session response = self.execute(RemoteCommand.NEW_SESSION, w3c_caps) ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ D:\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\webdriver.py:492: in execute self.error_handler.check_response(response) D:\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\selenium\webdriver\remote\errorhandler.py:232: in check_response raise exception_class(message, screen, stacktrace) E selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException: Message: Cannot start the 'com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver' application. Consider checking the driver's troubleshooting documentation. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command ''C:\Users\23184\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe' -P 5037 -s emulator-5554 shell am start-activity -W -n com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver/com.arpa.ntocc.MainActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' exited with code 255'; Command output: E Exception occurred while executing 'start-activity': E java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10200000 xflg=0x4 cmp=com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver/com.arpa.ntocc.MainActivity } from null (pid=7312, uid=2000) not exported from uid 10231 E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPermission(ActivityTaskSupervisor.java:1263) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.executeRequest(ActivityStarter.java:1220) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.execute(ActivityStarter.java:855) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskManagerService.startActivityAndWait(ActivityTaskManagerService.java:1621) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.startActivityAndWait(ActivityManagerService.java:3316) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.runStartActivity(ActivityManagerShellCommand.java:875) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.onCommand(ActivityManagerShellCommand.java:261) E at com.android.modules.utils.BasicShellCommandHandler.exec(BasicShellCommandHandler.java:97) E at android.os.ShellCommand.exec(ShellCommand.java:38) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onShellCommand(ActivityManagerService.java:10466) E at android.os.Binder.shellCommand(Binder.java:1183) E at android.os.Binder.onTransact(Binder.java:961) E at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(IActivityManager.java:5853) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onTransact(ActivityManagerService.java:2768) E at android.os.Binder.execTransactInternal(Binder.java:1478) E at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:1418) E E Stacktrace: E UnknownError: Cannot start the 'com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver' application. Consider checking the driver's troubleshooting documentation. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command ''C:\Users\23184\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe' -P 5037 -s emulator-5554 shell am start-activity -W -n com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver/com.arpa.ntocc.MainActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' exited with code 255'; Command output: E Exception occurred while executing 'start-activity': E java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10200000 xflg=0x4 cmp=com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver/com.arpa.ntocc.MainActivity } from null (pid=7312, uid=2000) not exported from uid 10231 E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPermission(ActivityTaskSupervisor.java:1263) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.executeRequest(ActivityStarter.java:1220) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.execute(ActivityStarter.java:855) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskManagerService.startActivityAndWait(ActivityTaskManagerService.java:1621) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.startActivityAndWait(ActivityManagerService.java:3316) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.runStartActivity(ActivityManagerShellCommand.java:875) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.onCommand(ActivityManagerShellCommand.java:261) E at com.android.modules.utils.BasicShellCommandHandler.exec(BasicShellCommandHandler.java:97) E at android.os.ShellCommand.exec(ShellCommand.java:38) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onShellCommand(ActivityManagerService.java:10466) E at android.os.Binder.shellCommand(Binder.java:1183) E at android.os.Binder.onTransact(Binder.java:961) E at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(IActivityManager.java:5853) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onTransact(ActivityManagerService.java:2768) E at android.os.Binder.execTransactInternal(Binder.java:1478) E at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:1418) E E at getResponseForW3CError (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\@appium\base-driver\build\lib\protocol\errors.js:846:36) E at asyncHandler (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\@appium\base-driver\build\lib\protocol\protocol.js:485:77) E at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:104:5) E The above error is caused by E Error: Cannot start the 'com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver' application. Consider checking the driver's troubleshooting documentation. Original error: Error executing adbExec. Original error: 'Command ''C:\Users\23184\AppData\Local\Android\Sdk\platform-tools\adb.exe' -P 5037 -s emulator-5554 shell am start-activity -W -n com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver/com.arpa.ntocc.MainActivity -S -a android.intent.action.MAIN -c android.intent.category.LAUNCHER -f 0x10200000' exited with code 255'; Command output: E Exception occurred while executing 'start-activity': E java.lang.SecurityException: Permission Denial: starting Intent { act=android.intent.action.MAIN cat=[android.intent.category.LAUNCHER] flg=0x10200000 xflg=0x4 cmp=com.arpa.ynchenggangdriver/com.arpa.ntocc.MainActivity } from null (pid=7312, uid=2000) not exported from uid 10231 E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskSupervisor.checkStartAnyActivityPermission(ActivityTaskSupervisor.java:1263) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.executeRequest(ActivityStarter.java:1220) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityStarter.execute(ActivityStarter.java:855) E at com.android.server.wm.ActivityTaskManagerService.startActivityAndWait(ActivityTaskManagerService.java:1621) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.startActivityAndWait(ActivityManagerService.java:3316) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.runStartActivity(ActivityManagerShellCommand.java:875) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerShellCommand.onCommand(ActivityManagerShellCommand.java:261) E at com.android.modules.utils.BasicShellCommandHandler.exec(BasicShellCommandHandler.java:97) E at android.os.ShellCommand.exec(ShellCommand.java:38) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onShellCommand(ActivityManagerService.java:10466) E at android.os.Binder.shellCommand(Binder.java:1183) E at android.os.Binder.onTransact(Binder.java:961) E at android.app.IActivityManager$Stub.onTransact(IActivityManager.java:5853) E at com.android.server.am.ActivityManagerService.onTransact(ActivityManagerService.java:2768) E at android.os.Binder.execTransactInternal(Binder.java:1478) E at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:1418) E E at ADB.startApp (C:\Users\23184\.appium\node_modules\appium-uiautomator2-driver\node_modules\appium-adb\build\lib\tools\app-commands.js:615:15) E at process.processTicksAndRejections (node:internal/process/task_queues:104:5) E at async AndroidUiautomator2Driver.ensureAppStarts (file:///C:/Users/23184/.appium/node_modules/appium-uiautomator2-driver/build/lib/commands/aut.js:100:5) E at async AndroidUiautomator2Driver.performPostExecSetup [as performSessionPostExecSetup] (file:///C:/Users/23184/.appium/node_modules/appium-uiautomator2-driver/build/lib/uiautomator2-server/session.js:187:9) E at async AndroidUiautomator2Driver.startSession [as startUiAutomator2Session] (file:///C:/Users/23184/.appium/node_modules/appium-uiautomator2-driver/build/lib/uiautomator2-server/session.js:245:5) E at async AndroidUiautomator2Driver.createSession (file:///C:/Users/23184/.appium/node_modules/appium-uiautomator2-driver/build/lib/driver.js:295:28) E at async AppiumDriver.createSession (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\build\lib\appium.js:271:44) E at async runCommandPromise (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\@appium\base-driver\build\lib\basedriver\driver.js:119:24) E at async AppiumDriver.executeCommand (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\@appium\base-driver\build\lib\basedriver\driver.js:162:15) E at async defaultBehavior (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\build\lib\appium.js:582:24) E at async AppiumDriver.executeWrappedCommand (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\build\lib\appium.js:694:22) E at async AppiumDriver.executeCommand (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\build\lib\appium.js:598:21) E at async asyncHandler (C:\Users\23184\AppData\Roaming\npm\node_modules\appium\node_modules\@appium\base-driver\build\lib\protocol\protocol.js:401:25)